Sweet peppers and chillies roasted until the skins lift, then peeled while warm, which is unpleasant and unavoidable. Cumin and caraway toasted and ground, garlic, salt, red wine vinegar.
Pounded in the mortar, not blitzed. A machine makes it smooth and smooth is not what you want.
What goes wrong
Not covering it with oil in the jar. Anything the oil does not reach goes furry by week three.